Tuesday, March 4, 2008

Visualizing History

Visualizing History was the most interesting assignment to date for me. I have no graphic or visual arts background so it was with some trepidation that I approached the task. But, I said to myself, the web is nothing if not visual so how hard can this be? The answer is that it wasn’t very hard, but I have begun to pick up a new skill.

To begin with I picked a subject familiar to me, The Normandy Invasion. Popular books and movies aside, there are many rich collections of photographs and documents readily available on the net to convey, perhaps too graphically for some, the events of 6 June 1944. I have the advantage of a life-long fascination with the Normandy Campaign, as the child of a Normandy airborne veteran, and I have walked the battlefields with my father. I do not necessarily have a more discerning eye than some, but this background helped me cull through many sites and photographs quickly.

Bearing in mind the dire consequences of using images not in the public domain, the five I selected came from the National Archives. This is really not much of a limitation because having looked at a dozen or more sites NARA was really quite good. If I needed to illustrate a coffee table volume I might have to look elsewhere, but for the purpose of “Visualizing History” there were more than enough. I did choose two images, numbers 2 and 4, which are very well known because they are really spectacular photographs. (Obviously that’s why they are printed so often – that and they are in the public domain) The shot of Nancy Reagan that is number 5 was chosen for contrast in that it is a color image, and a more recent one to emphasize the continuing importance, and pain, of that June day in 1944.

Visualizing History: Normandy 1

The Target: Occupied France




After enduring four years of occupation, France was about to endure the price of freedom: invasion.
The map above details the stretch of Normandy coast selected for the Allied return to continental Europe. The planners who created this map, and many more like it, could only hope that the gamble would indeed be a success and lead to the liberation of Europe.

(NARA RG 331: Records of Allied Operational and Occupation Headquarters, World War II, 1907 - 1966 ARC 595474)

Visualizing History: Normandy 2

Prelude to the Invasion

The Supreme Commander, General Eisenhower is shown addressing soldiers of the 101st Airborne Division shortly before D Day. To these men fell the difficult job of invading by parachute behind the invasion beaches to prevent the Germans from reinforcing their beach defenses. Together with the 82nd Airborne Division, and the British 6th Airborne Division, the 101st started the invasion in the early morning hours of the 6th.

(NARA RG 111: Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, 1860 - 1982 ARC 778813)

Visualizing History: Normandy 3

The Normandy Beaches

This was the loneliest place in the world on D-Day, no matter how many men were there. Every soldier had to face his own doubts and fears alone. The location of this landing craft is not given, but this bleak view is emblematic of what any soldier, American, British, Canadian, or Free French confronted on the 6th of June.

(NARA RG 26: Records of the U.S. Coast Guard, 1785 - 1992, ARC 513173)

Visualizing History: Normandy 4

The Wounded


At Normandy, as on any other battlefield there were the "lucky
ones," the wounded who survived. It is only in the chaos of war that injury brings a temporary respite. Here, soldiers of the 16th Infantry Regiment, await evacuation near Collville-sur-Mer, Normandy, France on 6 June 1944.

(NARA RG 111 Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer 1860-1982 ARC 531187)

Visualizing History Normandy 5

Counting the Cost of Freedom

First Lady Nancy Reagan lays flowers at the Omaha Beach Memorial Cemetery 11 June 1982.
(NARA-RRWHPO White House Photographic Collection ARC 198532)